Mhc och hla
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Chapter Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA), Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)
HUMAN LEUKOCYTES ANTIGEN (HLA)
Introduction and History (Historic Back Ground)
Long time back it was considered that successful blood transfusion is dependant upon the blood grouping of donor and recipient.
Landsteiner in suggested that these groups are important and involved in a successful transplant acceptance.
later on, the histocompatibility antigens were discovered and it leads to more successful transplantation of the organs.
These are isoantigens called histocompatibility antigens. These are funnen on the surface of white blood cells, platelets, and most of the fixed tissue of the body. These got importance since these got the importance of tissue transplantation.
Medawar was attempting to transplant skin graft in world war II in the case of burn soldiers. He noticed that the skin graft of the patient to his own body was successful but when grafted to another person was rejected. On this grund, the experiment was done on mice.
If the mice are already sensitized bygd the transplantation of tissue from the black strain mice, then in that case skin will have accelerated rejection of the sk
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The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) gene plays a crucial role in the functioning of the immune system. This gene is responsible for the production of cell surface proteins known as Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA), which are vital for immune responses against pathogens and foreign substances.
One of the key features of the MHC gene is its high degree of variation. Due to this variation, individuals have different alleles of the MHC gene, leading to diverse HLA protein expression. This polymorphism allows the immune system to recognize a wide range of antigens, enhancing the body&#;s ability to fight against infections.
The MHC gene variants are classified into two main types: class I and class II. Class I MHC molecules are found on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells and present antigens to cytotoxic T cells. On the other hand, class II MHC molecules are primarily expressed on immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, and present antigens to helper T cells.
The importance of the MHC gene in the immune system cannot be overstated. The variation in MHC alleles allows individuals to mount effective immune responses against a wide array of pathoge
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The main difference between HLA and MHC is that the HLA is a form of MHC antigens in humans whereas the MHC is a group of antigens that occur in other vertebrates. Furthermore, the class I HLA contains HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C molecules and class II HLA contains HLA-D molecules. Also, the three classes of MHC are MHC class I, II, and II. Moreover, in humans, the HLA gene family occurs on chromosome 6.
HLA and MHC are two types of cell surface proteins in vertebrates. They play a key role in the acquired immune system by presenting foreign antigens which in turn determines histocompatibility.
Key Areas Covered
1. What is HLA
&#; Definition, Polymorphism, HLA Typing
2. What is MHC
&#; Definition, Classes, Importance
3. What are the Similarities Between HLA and MHC
&#; Outline of Common Features
4. What is the Difference Between HLA and MHC
&#; Comparison of Key Differences
Key Terms
Class I, Class II, HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen), HLA Typing, MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex), Polymorphism
What is HLA
The HLA (human leukocyte antigen) is a form of MHC gene complex present in humans. It consists of around genes located clos